Hydrogeological modelling is used in groundwater surveys and in planning related to groundwater economy and environmental protection in general. Modelling can be used to quantitatively assess the volume of groundwater created or discharged, groundwater surface level, groundwater flow rate and flow direction, as well as transfer of contaminants in groundwater or percolating water.

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3D modelling of groundwater areas is one of the most important applications in which GTK’s soil data collection is utilised. The survey studies the layers of the groundwater areas by means of studying soil samples taken with heavy drilling equipment, geophysical probing, and measurements taken from installed observation pipes.

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Usually, groundwater is excellent potable water, and it can be utilised with relatively less costs than surface water. However, groundwater may contain natural heavy metal, semi-metal, metalloid, and halogen concentrations that are harmful to human health.

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Groundwater located in fragmented bedrock zones is an important alternative as the water supply for small urban areas and farms in those parts of Finland where there are no ridges.

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