Timola - Gold Database

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Name	Timola	DATA UPDATED	24.5.2007
Alternative names
Deposit summary	TIMOLA, in the Kuhmo greenstone belt, is an Archaean orogenic gold occurrence with no resource estimate available. It comprises several narrow lodes in mylonitic, NNW-trending, late-D3 or D4 structures near the main, N-trending shear zone of the greenstone belt. The occurrence is hosted by komatiites. Gold in quartz-carbonate veins and their immediate wallrock.
LOCATION
Geological domain	Archaean	Belt	Kuhmo
Site photo		Regional map
Map sheet	441211
Northing (kkj)	7148300	Easting (kkj)	4454900
Latitude	64.43045N	Longitude	29.06049E
Municipality	Kuhmo
Nearest town, roads	40 km NW from Kuhmo. A sealed road across the area, four km from railway.
MINING
Exploration licence no	5451/1, 7514/5–6	Mining concession no
Present holder	Polar Mining (2003–)
Previous holders	Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) (1995–1998), Outokumpu Mining Oy (2003)
Mine photo 1		Mine photo 2
Mine photo 3		Mine photo 4
Status of development	Prospect
When mined
Resources
Deposit size (Mt)		Reference (size)
Total in-situ gold (kg)		Reference (in-situ Au)
Total gold production (kg)		Reference (gold prod)
Production of other metals
Extent of mineralisation
Lodes
Best sections	1 m @ 3.73 ppm, 1 m @ 2.8 ppm, 1 m at 1.9 ppm, 1 m @ 1.9 ppm Au [1].
EXPLORATION
Discovery year	1995
Discovery	By GTK; the first indications were gold nuggets panned in a creek bed in the prospect area [1].
Exploration history	GTK (1995–1998) [1]: bedrock mapping, ground magnetic, slingram and IP survey, till geochemical survey, diamond and RC drilling.
Section figure 1		Plan figure 1
Section figure 2		Plan figure 2
Section figure 3		Plan figure 3
Trench fig 1		Trench fig 4
Trench fig 2		Trench fig 5
Trench fig 3		Trench fig 6
Explor site photo 1		Explor site photo 2
Geophysical response
Drilling	GTK (1999): nine diamond-drill and 12 RC holes, total 1498 m [1].
Elements analysed
Primary dispersion	A distinct As anomaly around the gold mineralisation, and a positive correlation between arsenopyrite and gold [1].
Secondary dispersion	A distinct As anomaly in till above and around the gold mineralisation [1].
Primary anomaly fig 1		Secondary anomaly fig 1
Primary anomaly fig 2		Secondary anomaly fig 2
Primary anomaly fig 3		Secondary anomaly fig 3
Primary anomaly fig 4		Secondary anomaly fig 4
Primary anomaly fig 5		Secondary anomaly fig 5
Economic evaluations
Exploration geologist in charge	GTK: Aimo Hartikainen
ORE
Siting of gold
Fineness
Major opaques	Pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite [1].
Minor opaques	Sphalerite, galena [1].
Gangue	Quartz, tourmaline, scheelite [1].
Ore miner. photo 1		Ore miner. photo 5
Ore miner. photo 2		Ore miner. photo 6
Ore miner. photo 3		Ore outcrop photo 1
Ore miner. photo 4		Ore outcrop photo 2
Ore composition
Ore compos table 1	Click here	Ore compos table 2
Enriched elements	As, Au, S, Te [1].
Ore fluid
Stable isotopes
Pb isotope data
GEOLOGY
Geological setting	Located in the central part of the Late-Archaean Kuhmo Greenstone Belt, in a sequence dominated by mafic tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks with thin ultramafic (komatiitic?) interlayers [1].
Major host rocks	Tholeiitic metabasalt [1,7].
Minor host rocks
Intrusives	The greenstone belt is largely bounded by 2739–2697 Ga tonalites and trondhjemites [3]. The hosting sequence is cut by deformed felsic to intermediate, up to 1 m wide, dykes wich also predate gold mineralisation [1]. NW-trending Palaeoproterozoic dolerite cut arcoss the deformed Archaean rocks in the region [7].
Regional geol map 1		Outcrop photo 1
Regional geol map 2		Outcrop photo 2
Local geology map 1		Outcrop photo 3
Local geology map 2
METAMORPHISM
Metamorphic history	A very weak, unevenly distributed Palaeoproterozoic overprint [4].
Metamorphic grade	Upper-greenschist facies [1].
Metamorphic mineral assemblage
Metamorph photo 1		Metamorph photo 2
STRUCTURE
Structural style	Ductile [1]
Closest major shear	The main, N-trending, shear zone of the Kuhmo greenstone belt [7].
Controlling structure	N-trending mylonites which are late-D3 or D4 structures [1,2,7].
Deformation history	At least, six deformation stages during the late Archaean and two deformation stages during the Palaeoproterozoic detected in the area; gold mineralisation is related to the Archaean late D3 and/or D4 stages [2,6]. D2: 2850-2837 Ma, D3: 2701-2697 Ma, D4: peaked at 2657±32 Ma [6]. Age of D2 is probably 2820±15 Ma [7] or 2843±18 Ma [8].
Ore fabric	Intensely sheared, cataclastic [1].
Veins	One cm to 3 m wide barren and mineralised quartz veins [1].
Structure photo 1		Vein photo 1
Structure photo 2		Vein photo 3
ALTERATION
General alteration	Biotitisation, carbonation, chloritisation, sericitisation, sulphidation [7].
Proximal alteration	Biotite-chlorite-carbonate-quartz ± tourmaline, fuchsite [1,7].
Intermediate alteration
Distal alteration
Zonation figure		Prox alteration photo 1
Alteration photo 1		Prox alteration photo 2
Alteration photo 2		Intermed alteration photo
Alteration photo 3		Distal alteration photo 1
Post-mineralisation modifications
TIMING	During ca. 2700–2650 Ma [6].
GENETIC MODEL	Clearly epigenetic, "mesothermal" mineralisation with a distinct structural control [1], formed during late-Archaean cratonisation [5].
GENETIC TYPE	Orogenic	References	[5]
Alternative genetic type 1		References
Alternative genetic type 2		References
References 1. Hartikainen, A. 2001. Tutkimustyöselostus Kuhmon kaupungin Härmänkylässä sijaitsevan valtauksen Timola 1 (Kaivosrekisteri No 5451/1) alueella tehdyistä kultatutkimuksista. English summary: A reserch report of studies concenrning the claim of Timola 1 (register number of claim 5451/1), located in the village of Härmänkylä, Kuhmo, eastern Finland. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 06/4412/2001/1/10. 10 p.(2.9 MB) 2. Luukkonen, E., Pajunen, M. & Poutiainen, M. 1992. Kuhmo-Suomussalmen alueen arkeeisen kallioperän rakenne-evoluutio ja Au-aiheet. In: E. Ekdahl (ed.) Suomen kallioperän kehitys ja raaka-ainevarat. Vuorimiesyhdistys, Sarja B, 51, 11–12. 3. Sorjonen-Ward, P., Nironen, M. & Luukkonen, E. 1997. Greenstone associations in Finland. In: M. J. de Wit and L. D. Ashwal (eds) Greenstone Belts. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 677–6 98. 4. Korsman, K. (ed.) & Glebovitsky, V. (ed.) 1999. Raahe-Ladoga Zone structure-lithology, metamorphism and metallogeny: a Finnish-Russian cooperation project 1996–1999. Map 2: Metamorphism of the Raahe-Ladoga Zone 1:1000000. Geol. Surv. Finland. 5. Papunen, H., Halkoaho, T., Liimatainen, J. & Luukkonen, E. 2001. Metallogeny of the Archaean Tipasjärvi-Kuhmo-Suomussalmi greenstone belt, Finland. AGSO – Geoscience Australia, Record 2001/37, 456–458. 6. Luukkonen, E. 2001. Lentiiran kartta-alueen kallioperä. Summary: Pre-Quaternary rock of the Lentiira map-sheet area. Suomen geologinen kartta 1:100 000. Kallioperäkarttojen selitykset, 4414 + 4432 Lentiira. 68 p. 7. Luukkonen, E., Halkoaho, T., Hartikainen, A., Heino, T., Niskanen, M., Pietikäinen, K. & Tenhola, M. 2002. Itä-Suomen arkeeiset alueet -hankkeen (12201 ja 210 5000) toiminta vuosina 1992–2001 Suomussalmen, Hyrynsalmen, Kuhmon, Nurmeksen, Rautavaaran, Valtimon, Lieksan, Ilomantsin, Kiihtelysvaaran, Enon, Kontiolahden, Tohmajärven ja Tuupovaaran alueella. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M19/4513/2002/1. 265 p. (in Finnish, 130 MB) 8. Sorjonen-Ward, P. & Luukkonen, E.J. 2005. Archean rocks. In: Precambrian Geology of Finland – Key to the Evolution of The Fennoscandian Shield. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, 19–9 9.
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