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Modified: 19.08.2009

Suurikuusikko - Gold Database

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Name Suurikuusikko DATA UPDATED 12.9.2008
Alternative names Rouravaara, Korkeakuusikko, Vuomajärvi, Keuvaara, Kittilä Gold Project
Deposit summary SUURIKUUSIKKO, in the Central Lapland greenstone belt, is the largest gold deposit in northern Europe. It has a current in situ resource of 110 t gold. Agnico-Eagle started to build a mine at the site in 2006, and production is planned to start in 2008. Suurikuusikko is a Palaeoproterozoic orogenic gold deposit hosted by albitised, mafic to intermediate, volcanic rock. It comprises a number of subvertical ore bodies in a 4-km long section of the subvertical, compressional, Suurikuusikko Shear Zone. The NNE-trending shear zone is known to be gold-enriched for its entire length of >20 km, and more drilling may show ore bodies further away from the presently known lodes Suurikuusikko. Refractory gold: 71% of gold in the lattice of and as tiny inclusions in arsenopyrite and 22% in pyrite, in both thin veins and altered host rock.
LOCATION
Geological domain Lapland Belt Central Lapland
Site photo suurikuusikko_airphoto_sept_2007_th Regional map central_lapland_deposits_thumb
Map sheet 274305
Northing (kkj) 7535700 Easting (kkj) 2558600
Latitude 67.90154N Longitude 25.39102E
Municipality Kittilä
Nearest town, roads 50 km NE from Kittilä. 3 km from a sealed road, a public gravel road adjacent to the area.
MINING
Exploration licence no 4283/1, 5965/1, 6160/1, 6288/1-9, 6721/1-8, 6849/1-2, 7111/1, 7239/1-6, 7565/1-2 Mining concession no  
Present holder Suurikulta AB (1998-) (subsidiary of Agnico-Eagle)
Previous holders Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) (1986-1998); Riddarhyttan Resources AB (1998-2005)
Mine photo1 suurikuusikko_rouravaara_longsection_201106_th Mine photo 2 suurik_mainzone_3d_blockmodel_th
Mine photo 3 suurik_mainzone_undergorund_th Mine photo 4 suurikuusikko_airphoto2_2007_th
Mine photo 5 suurikuusikko_testpit2005_th Mine photo 6 suurikuusikko_centralarea_lindholm2005_th
Mine photo 7 suurikuusikko_panoraama_03_th Mine photo 8 suurikuusikko_adit_portal2007_th
Mine photo 9 suurikuusikko_pit2007_2_th Mine photo 10 suurikuusikko_airphoto3_2007_th
Claim fig 1 suurikuusikko_claims_lodes2006_th
Status of development Test pit
When mined 2002, 2007–
Resources Probable mineral reserve 18.2 Mt @ 5.1 ppm Au: 5.4 Mt @ 3.0 ppm in indicated and 10.8 Mt @ 3.4 ppm Au in inferred categories [74]. 23 Mt @ 5.7 ppm Au [70]. 22.1315 Mt @ 4.9 ppm Au, at 2 ppm cut off [64]. 24.3 Mt @ 4.75 ppm Au, at 2 ppm cut off [59]. 17.8 Mt @ 5.3 ppm Au, or 21.5 Mt @ 4.6 ppm Au at 1 ppm cut off [56]. 17.2 Mt @ 5.1 ppm Au at 2 ppm cut off, or 19.7 Mt @ 4.6 ppm Au at 1 ppm cut off [53]. 8.3 Mt @ 6.1 ppm Au indicated+inferred at 1 ppm cut off [24,34,35]. 5.0 Mt @ 6.5 ppm Au at 2 ppm cut off [17,18]. 3.52 Mt @ 7.0 ppm Au with 1 ppm cut off for >3 m sections [13]. 2.2 Mt @ 6.5 ppm Au with 1 ppm cut-off [8]. 1.5 Mt @ 5.9 ppm Au with 1 ppm cut-off [4,28]. 0.05 Mt of 5.4 ppm Au [2].
Deposit size (Mt) 34 Reference (size) [74]
Total in-situ gold (kg) 145000 Reference (in-situ Au) [74]
Total gold production (kg)   Reference (gold prod)  
Production of other metals  
Extent of mineralisation The mineralised domain in the shear zone is subvertical, 1-60 m in width and >5 km long [2,15,17,37,63]. Indications of gold mineralisation (ppm-level values for Au) along the shear zone for nearly 15 km [4,6,8,37]. Depending on the lode, the deposit is open at the depth from 150 m to >1000 m below surface, and open at both ends of the 4.1 km of the intensely drilled part [8,13,15,17,18,21,22,23,34,37,49,50,52,55,68]. Main Deposit: 1500 m long, 3-30 m wide, >1000 m deep [46,50,55,68]. Lodes open at depth: Ketola >400 m, Etelä 600 m, Western 730 m, Central 690 m, Kuukkeli, 450 m, Eastern 725 m, C. Rouravaara 480 m, N. Rouravaara 280 m [51,52,54,55,56,58,68]. Rimminvuoma: 1000 m long, open at the depth of 160 m [56,58].
Lodes Subparallel, sheet-like, N- to NE-trending lodes plunging to the north, mostly vertical or steeply dipping to the west [4,6,9,13,23,28,34,37,43,54,61,69]. Seven main zones (areas) from south to north: Ketola, Etelä, Main, South, Central and Northern Rouravaara, and Rimminvuoma [37,43,50,54,60,61]. All of the main lodes consist of a set of parallel to en ecelon sublodes, and most of them are indicated to be interconnected, but generally there are three subparallel mineralised subzones in each area [23,34,35,50,60,61]. In addition, the New Eastern Zone 250 m east of the main mineralised trend [52]. Indicated and inferred at N.Rouravaara: 745000 t @ 4.0 ppm Au [60,61].
Best sections Main Deposit: 15.1 m @ 8.3 ppm Au (at 1 km depth) [68]. 15.3 m @ 4.7 ppm, 22.3 m @ 8.1 ppm Au; Rouravaara: 12 m @ 9.4, 27.7 m @ 9.1 ppm Au [64].
Main Deposit: 63 m @ 4.4 ppm Au [48,49]. 7.8 m @ 11.8 ppm Au [44]. 12 m @ 11 ppm, 20.7 m @ 7.0 ppm, 14.6 m @ 6.2 ppm Au [39,40,42]; 12.3 m @ 8.6 ppm, 10.4 m @ 8.0 ppm Au [38]; 8 m @ 18.3 ppm [34,36]; 79 m @ 8.4 ppm, 46 m @ 8.9 ppm, 23 m @ 10.2 ppm Au [21]. 18 m @ 16.5 ppm Au, 64 m @ 5.9 ppm Au [9]. 28.6 m @ 11.9 ppm Au, 20.4 m @ 9.6 ppm Au [8]. 18 m @ 8.8 ppm Au [15]. 9.4 m @ 10.3 ppm Au [16].
Central Rouravaara: 36.7 m @ 5.6 ppm Au [54], 13 m @ 5.0 ppm Au [58].
Ketola lode: 7.4 m @ 11.4 ppm Au [17,18].
Rimminvuoma: 9.3 m @ 8.1 ppm Au [66].
Etelä: 4.9 m @ 5.5 ppm Au [68].
EXPLORATION
Discovery year 1986
Discovery By GTK [1,2,27,67,72]: Visible gold detected in an outcrop 4 km SSW of the Suurikuusikko deposit during regional gold exploration (by research assistant Jorma Valkama). This find and low-altitude airborne magnetic and electromagnetic survey directed detailed work to the shear zone, at the flank of a major fold, which also includes the Suurikuusikko area.
Exploration history GTK (1986–1997) [1,2,19,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]: High- and low-altitude airborne magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric survey, ground slingram, magnetic, VLF-R, gravimetric and ground-penetrating radar survey, regional and local till stratigraphy and geochemistry, percussion drilling into the till-bedrock interface, bedrock mapping, diamond and RC drilling, ore mineralogical studies on the siting of gold, pilot-plant tests.
Riddarhyttan (1998–2005) [5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,14,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,42,44,45,46,48,49,50, 51,52,53,54, 55,56,57,58]: Diamond and RC drilling (chiefly in 40x40 m grid [23]), percussion drilling through the overburden, till geochemical survey, pilot plant tests (11 ton sample with 7 ppm Au), ground magnetic, IP and slingram surveys, ore mineralogy studies, SIMS study on arsenopyrite composition.
Agnico-Eagle (2006–) [64,65,66,68,70]: Diamond drilling.
Section figure 1 suurikuusikko_longsection_090507_th Section figure 7 suurik_central_to_kuukkelizone_longitudinal_140205_th
Section figure 2 suurik_mainzone_longsection_grammetre_th Section figure 8 suurik_easternzone_longitudinal_140205_th
Section figure 3 suurik_section_21n_th Section figure 9 suurik_northzone_longitudinal_140205_th
Section figure 4 suurikuusikko_mainzone_section7536345_th Section figure 10 suurik_westzone_longitudinal_140205_th
Section figure 5 suurikuusikko_mainzone_section7536385_th Section figure 11 suurikuusikko_3d_haga2007_th
Section figure 6 suurikuusikko_geode0504_th Section figure 12 suurikuusikko_pit_plan_for2008_th
Plan figure 1 suurikuusikko_2000testpit_map_th Plan figure 2 suurikuusikko_2005testpit_map_th
Trench fig 1 suurikuusikko_testpit_mapping2004_th Trench fig 4  
Trench fig 2   Trench fig 5  
Trench fig 3   Trench fig 6  
Explor site photo 1 suurikuusikko_airphoto2_th Explor site photo 2 suurikuusikko_winter_drilling_th
Explor site photo 3 drillrig_suurikuusikko080802_1_th Explor site photo 4 drillrig_suurikuusikko080802_2_th
Geophysical response The graphitic, sulphide-bearing, tuffites or phyllites, i.e. the host rock types, give the major responses on both magnetic and electromagnetic methods [2]. The Kiistala Shear Zone is indicted as a negative anomaly in magnetic maps [23,72] and, due to abundant graphite vein network, by very low values in resistance maps [27,72].
Drilling GTK (1987–89 and 1995–97) [4,12,27]: 77 diamond-drill holes, total 9319 m, including a 2 km long section of the shear zone drilled in profiles 40–80 m apart to the depth of 100 m. In addition, about 300 m RC drilling.
Riddarhyttan (1998–2005) [6,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18, 34,35,36,38,39,46,53,55,56,58]: 393 diamond-drill and RC holes. By April 2004: 393 holes, total 73.5 km for 5 km along the strike of the shear zone [37,46]. Total of drilling 136 km by Riddarhyttan by December 2005 [70].
Agnico-Eagle diamond drilling in 2006: 53 km, in 2007: 54 km [70].
Elements analysed Au by GFAAS, Ag, As, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP [2]. By GFAAS: Ag, Au, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Te, Zn, by fire assay: Au, by ICP-AES: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, V, Y, Zn; by FAAS: Ag, As, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn [7,29].
Primary dispersion Au, As, C and S show a good positive correlation between each other, while there seems not to be any correlation between Au and Sb [1,27,28].
Secondary dispersion  
Primary anomaly fig 1 suurikuusikko_au_anomaly_thumb Secondary anomaly fig 1  
Primary anomaly fig 2 suurikuusikko_magn_hlem_maps_th Secondary anomaly fig 2  
Primary anomaly fig 3 hanhimaa_suurikuusikko_modified_aerogeophys_th Secondary anomaly fig 3  
Primary anomaly fig 4 suurikuusikko_magnetic_slingram_maps_2007_th Secondary anomaly fig 4  
Primary anomaly fig 5   Secondary anomaly fig 5  
Economic evaluations Resource estimates by the GTK in 1997 [27,28]. Primary and full-scale feasibility studies during 1999-2005 by Riddarhyttan AB [9,10,11,12,13,15,16,17,18,20,23,37,43,53,54] and 2006 by Agnico-Eagle [64,65]. Pilot-plant studies (2004-2006) [55,65].
Exploration geologist in charge GTK: Ilkka Härkönen, Riddarhyttan: L-G Ohlsson, Agnico: Jyrki Korteniemi
ORE
Siting of gold Chiefly associated with arsenopyrite [1,12]. "Invisible gold" in arsenopyrite and pyrite, occasionally also in gersdorffite; 7% as free gold (native + electrum), 71% of Au in the lattice of and inclusions in arsenopyrite (49-2700 ppm Au in Apy) and 22% in pyrite (1-585 ppm Au in Py) [2,6,12,14,19,27,28,31,32,57,72]. Au-rich arsenopyrite and pyrite occur disseminated in microfractures, shear fabrics, and stylolitic features [71].
Fineness 45-85% Au, 1.5-54% Ag, 1-23.0% Hg [12,31].
Major opaques Arsenopyrite, pyrite, gersdorffite [1,2,7,19].
Minor opaques Pyrrhotite, amorphic graphite, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, galena, gersdorffite, bournonite, rutile, gold, electrum, maldonite, native bismuth, rutile, Au-Ag amalgam [7,12,19,27,31].
Gangue Albite, quartz, K feldspar, calcite, ankerite, siderite, micas, chlorite [19,32].
Ore miner. photo 1   Ore miner. photo 5  
Ore miner. photo 2   Ore miner. photo 6  
Ore miner. photo 3   Ore outcrop photo 1 suurikuusikko_orebrecciaphoto_th
Ore miner. photo 4   Ore outcrop photo 2  
Ore composition Diamond-drill core [7]: 6.20 ppm Au, 1.40 ppm Ag, 4900 ppm As, 38.6 ppm B, 294 ppm Ba, <0.1 ppm Bi, 22 ppm Co, 91.4 ppm Cu, 580 ppb Hg, 2.0 ppm Mo, 153 ppm Ni, <2 ppm Pb, 26 ppm Rb, 30000 ppm S, 20.0 ppm Sb, 21.1 ppm Se, 221 ppm Sr, <0.001 ppm Te, 110 ppm Th, 1.2 ppm U, 270 ppm V, 21 ppm W, 115 ppm Zn, 62 ppm Zr; 44.5% SiO2, 0.80% TiO2, 7.63% Al2O3, 9.87% Fe2O3, 6.25% MgO, 9.34% CaO, 1.92% Na2O, 1.34% K2O, 0.26% P2O5, 12.1% LOI.
Enriched elements Ag, As, Au, Bi, Cd, CO2, Co, Hg, S, Sb, Se, W [2,7,31].
Ore fluid Formation of amorphous carbon suggests a higly reducing fluid [72].
Stable isotopes Carbonates in unaltered rock at Pikku-Rouravaara, 500 m E of the deposit: δ18O = +13.75 per mill, δ13C = -0.77 per mill [26].
Pb isotope data  
GEOLOGY
Geological setting The main lodes are shear-controlled and the 'secondary' lodes controlled by contacts between lithological units; all parts of the local stratigraphy appear to have a geochemical affinity with the 2.012 Ga Vesmajärvi Formation [47].
The mineralised host rock is a large interbed between Fe- and Mg-tholeiitic metavolcanic rocks, or these mafic lavas themselves [69]; it is part of the Kautoselkä or Porkonen Formation of the >2000 Ma Kittilä Group of the Palaeoproterozoic Central Lapland Greenstone Belt [1,2,3,14,27]. It apparently is in the uppermost part of the Kautoselkä Fm (if not in the Porkonen Fm), just below the Vesmajärvi Formation. The deposit is in a 18 km long, N-S trending shear zone chiefly located at the boundary between major Mg- and Fe-tholeiitic metavolcanic units or subsequences [23]. Around the deposit, the local sequence is dominated by mafic pyroclastic metavolcanic rocks [27].
The units mapped as felsic and intermediate volcanic rocks may well be, in fact, altered mafic volcanic rocks [69].
Major host rocks Mafic pyroclastic volcanic rock [47,69,72].
Minor host rocks BIF, graphitic tuffite and phyllite, intermediate and felsic volcanic rocks [69,72].
Intrusives Felsic "albitite" dikes, mineralised and altered, predate gold mineralisation [1,2]
Regional geol map 1 central_lapland_deposits_thumb Outcrop photo 1 suurikuusikko_outcrop41_42_th
Regional geol map 2   Outcrop photo 2 suurikuusikko_outcrop73_74_th
Regional geol map 3   Outcrop photo 3 suurikuusikko_oreoutcrop_panoraama_01b_th
Local geology map 1 suurik_geol_blockmodel_th Local geology map 2 suurikuusikko_rocks_crossection_patison2004_th
Local geology map 3 suurikuusikko_lodes_crossection_patison2004_th
METAMORPHISM  
Metamorphic history Metamorphic peak during D2, thrusting during D3 was at least partly post-peak, late metamorphic [73].
Metamorphic grade Greenschist facies [1,19].
Metamorphic mineral assemblage Mafic lava: albite-actinolite-epidote-chlorite-titanite ± quartz [27].
Chert: quartz ± carbonate, graphite, sulphides [27].
Metakomatiite: chlorite-tremolite-talc ± carbonate, augite, graphite [27].
Metamorph photo 1   Metamorph photo 2  
STRUCTURE  
Structural style Brittle [1,19].
Closest major shear A NNE-trending major shear zone, the Kiistala (or Suurikuusikko) Shear Zone, whichs also hosts all the lodes [47,69].
Controlling structure The subvertical, compressional, Kiistala (or Suurikuusikko) Shear Zone, at least 25 km long, dominantly N-S trending, turning into a NE direction at the Ketola Lode to the south of known deposit [1,4,6,23,41,47,69,71]. Movement along the KiSZ during D3 has dominantly been dextral strike-slip [69,71].
Deformation history Two major stages, the D1 and D2 of the regional deformation history, are recorded in the area; the latter may, in fact, extend into the D3 stage [25]. Three major stages of deformation, D2 has produced the presently dominant foliation, D3 is related to tectonic movement from S to N; these all are postdated by <1.77 Ga NW- and NE-trending faults [41]. Rifting during 2.5–1.9 Ga, compression from about 1.9 Ga [41].
The earliest deformation phases preserved (D1, D2) involved roughly synchronous N- to NNE- and S- to SW-directed thrusting at the southern and northeastern margins of the CLGB [69,72]. NW-, N-, and NE-trending D3 strike-slip shear zones, including the Kiistala Shear Zone hosting the Suurikuusikko deposit, cut early folding and thrusting, but may also reflect reactivation of older structures [69]. Post-D3 events are limited to brittle, low-displacement faults [69,72].
Ore fabric Massive, granoblastic, brecciated; pyrite+arsenopyrite±gersdorffite intergrowths are characteristic and these commonly form larger aggregates; minor ore minerals commonly occur as inclusions or intergrowths with the major ore minerals and quartz [12,19].
Veins Very thin (<<1 mm) graphite veins and up to 1-2 cm wide albite-carbonate ± sulphide veins brecciate the host rock [1,4,6,12,14]. The graphite brecciation is more extensive than intense albitisation [14].
Structure photo 1 suurik_mainzone_obliqueview_th Vein photo 1 suurikuusikko_texture_photo1_chernet_th
Structure photo 2 suurik_geol_blockmodel_th Vein photo 2  
Structure photo 3 suurikuusikko_highgrade_ore_th Vein photo 3  
Structure photo 4 suurikuusikko_gold_siting_lindholm2005_th Vein photo 4  
Structure photo 5 suurikuusikko_44ppm_au_breccia_black_schist2_1996r479_114.70m_th Vein photo 5  
ALTERATION  
General alteration Pervasive albitisation, carbonation and sulphidation; chloritisation in some degree [12,19,23,27]. Destruction of magnetite all along the shear zone [23].
Proximal alteration Totally albititised rock = mafic tuffite(?): dolomite-albite-quartz-sericite-graphite-rutile-pyrite ± K feldspar, chlorite, zircon [27,57].
Shale and/or -tuffite: dolomite-chlorite-graphite-sulphides-qaurtz-albite ± sericite, tourmaline [27,57].
Mafic lava: albite-dolomite-muscovite-quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrite [69].
In addition, formation of apparently non-crystalline carbon in the most mineralised zones [72].
Intermediate alteration  
Distal alteration Calcite veins [72].
Zonation figure   Prox alteration photo 1  
Alteration photo 1   Prox alteration photo 2  
Alteration photo 2   Intermed alteration photo  
Alteration photo 3   Distal alteration photo 1  
Post-mineralisation modifications Rare late stibnite veins and amorphous grains contain very high gold grades [72]. Post-mineralisation deformation, brecciation and brittle faulting in more than one stage, but are not known to cause significant displacement of ore lenses [27,69,72]. Possibly, local remobilisation of Au from pyrite to form native gold [57].
TIMING Post-peak deformation [27]. Gold mineralisation in the Kuotko-Kiistala-Soretiavuoma area, which includes the Suurikuusikko deposit, probably took place between 1852–1890 Ma [2].
GENETIC MODEL Clearly epigenetic, orogenic gold mineralisation with a distinct structural control, as derived from data in references [2,7,8,12,71]. Possibly, the Na-rich epigenetic fluids, which caused the complete albitisation of the host rocks after the first major stage of deformation, also were the mineralising fluids [27].
GENETIC TYPE Orogenic References [3,71,72]
Alternative genetic type 1   References  
Alternative genetic type 2   References  

References

1. Härkönen, I. & Keinänen, V. 1989. Exploration of structurally controlled gold deposits in the Central Lapland greenstone belt. Current Research 1988, Geol. Surv. Finland, Special Paper 10, 79-82.
2. Härkönen, I. 1992. Tutkimustyöselostus Kittilän kunnassa valtausalueella Suurikuusikko 1, kaiv.rek. n:o 4283/1 suoritetuista malmitutkimuksista. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M06/2743/-92/1/10. 5 p. (in Finnish, 230 KB)
3. Lehtonen, M. I., Airo, M-L., Eilu, P., Hanski, E., Kortelainen, V., Lanne, E., Manninen, T., Rastas, P., Räsänen, J. & Virransalo, P. 1998. Kittilän vihreäkivialueen geologia. Lapin vulkaniittiprojektin raportti. Summary: The stratigraphy, petrology and geochemistry of the Kittilä greenstone area, northern Finland. A report of the Lapland Volcanite Project. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report of Investigation 140. 144 p.
4. Ministry of Industry and Trade 1997. International tender notice. Suurikuusikko gold deposit, Finland. Press release 10/11/1997.
5. Ministry of Industry and Trade 1998. Swedish Riddarhyttan Resources AB to start exploration at the Suurikuusikko gold deposit in Kittilä, northern Finland. Press release 19/04/1998.
6. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1998. Press release 21/04/1998. (in Swedish)
7. Nurmi, P. A., Lestinen, P. & Niskavaara, H. 1991. Geochemical characteristics of mesothermal gold deposits in the Fennoscandian Shield, and a comparison with selected Canadian and Australian deposits. Geol. Surv. Finland, Bulletin 351. 101 p.
8. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1998. Press release 28/09/1998. (in Swedish)
9. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1999. Press release 15/03/1999. (in Swedish)
10. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1999. Press release 12/04/1999. (in Swedish)
11. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 1999. Press release 17/12/1998. (in Swedish)
12. Härkönen, I., Kojonen, K. and Johanson, B. (1999) The Proterozoic Suurikuusikko refractory gold deposit in Kittillä, Western Finnish Lapland. In: N.J. Cook and K. Sundblad (eds) Precambrian gold in the Fennoscandian and Ukrainian Shields and related areas. Gold ’99 Trondheim, Norway, 4-6 May 1999. Geol. Surv. Norway. Trondheim. 89-91.
13. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 1999, Press release 24/08/1999. (in Swedish).
14. Härkönen, I., Kojonen, K. and Johanson, B. 1999. The Early Proterozoic Suurikuusikko refractory gold deposit, Kittillä, Western Finnish Lapland. In: C.J. Stanley et al. (eds) Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing. Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial SGA Meeting and 10. IAGOD Quadrennial Symposium, London, 22-25.9.1999. 159-162.)
15. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2000, Press release 13/06/2000.
16. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2000, Press release 06/09/2000.
17. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2000, Press release 09/10/2000. (63 KB)
18. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2000, Press release 12/10/2000.
19. Kojonen, K. & Johanson, B. 1999. Determination of refractory gold distribution by microanalysis, diagnostic leaching and image analysis. Mineralogy and Petrology 67, 1-19.
20. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2000, Press release 08/12/2000.
21. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2000, Press release 19/12/2000.
22. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2001, Press release 25/01/2001. (in Swedish)
23. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2001, Annual report. Göteborg. 43 p.
24. Riddarhyttan Resources AB, 2001, Press release 17/04/2001.
25. Patison, N.L. & Oliver, N.H.S. 2001. Structural features associated with Palaeoproterozoic gold deposits in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, northern Finland. In: P.J. Williams (ed) 2001: A Hydrothermal Odyssey. May 17-19th, 2001, Townsville. Extended abstracts. EGRU and JCU. 162-163.
26. Hölttä, P. & Karhu, J. 2001. Oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of carbonates in the alteration zones of orogenic gold deposits in central Finninsh Lapland. Geol. Surv. Finland, Special Paper 31, 25-29.
27. Härkönen, I. 1997. Tutkimustyöselostus Kittilän kunnassa valtausalueilla Suurikuusikko 2 ja Rouravaara 1-10 (kaivosrekisterinumerot 5965/1, 6160/1, 6288/1-6288/9) suoritetuista kultatutkimuksista vuosina 1987-1997. English summary: Gold exploration during 1987-1997 within the exploration claims Suurikuusikko 2 and Rouravaara 1-10 (Mine reg. nos. 5965/1, 6160/1, 6288/1-6288/9). Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 06/2743/97/1. 47 p. (61.5 MB)
28. Parkkinen, J. 1997. The Suurikuusikko Gold Deposit. Mineral Resource Estimate. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 19/2743/97/1. 20 p.
29. Kontas, E. & Niskavaara, H. 1997. Raportti Suurikuusikon malmitutkimushankkeen kemiallisista analyyseistä. English summary: Chemical analyses made for the Suurikuusikko exploration project. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 41.2/2743/97/1. 13 p.
30. Kojonen, K. & Johansson, B. 1998. Comparison of EPMA and SIMS Results of Trace Gold analyses of Suurikuusikko Deposits, Northern Finland. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 41/2743/98/1. 11 p.
31. Kojonen, K., Johanson, B., Pakkanen, L. & Juvonen, R. 1996. Selostus Suurikuusikon Au-malmiaiheen syanidiliotuskokeista sekä mineralogisista tutkimuksista. Alustava raportti. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 41/2743/96/1a. 10 p. (in Finnish)
32. Kojonen, K., Johanson, B., Pakkanen, L. & Juvonen, R. 1997. Selostus Suurikuusikon Au-malmin mineralogisista tutkimuksista ja syanidi- sekä diagnostisista liotuskokeista. English summary: Mineralogic investigations and on cyanide- and diagnostic-leach tests on the Suurikuusikko gold mineralisation. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 41/2743/96/1. 74 p.
33. Leppiniemi, J., Kalpudas, R., Laukkanen, J. & Heiskanen, K. 1997. Suurkuusikon malmin rikastustutkimus. English summary: Beneficiation study of the Suurkuusikko ore. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 41.1/2743/97/2. 22 p.
34. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2002. Press release 07/03/2002. (in Swedish)
35. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2002. Press release 11/03/2002. (in Swedish)
36. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2002. Press release 26/03/2002.
37. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2003. Press release 20/02/2003. (48 KB)
38. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2003. Press release 05/11/2002.
39. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2003. Press release 18/12/2002.
40. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2003. Press release 24/03/2003. (142 KB)
41. Väisänen, M. 2002. Structural features in the Central Lapland greenstone belt, northern Finland. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report K 21.42/2002/3. 20 p. (32.8 MB)
42. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2003. Press release 11/08/2003.
43. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2003. Press release 20/08/2003.
44. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2004. Press release 22/01/2004.
45. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2004. Press release 21/04/2004.
46. Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited 2004. 22/04/2004.
47. Patison, N.L. 2004. Personal communication 28/05/2004.
48. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2004. Press release 07/10/2004.
49. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2004. Press release 27/10/2004.
50. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2004. Press release 21/12/2004.
51. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Press release 14/02/2005.
52. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Press release 16/02/2005.
53. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Press release 03/03/2005.
54. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Press release 18/04/2005.
55. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Quaterly report January - March 2005. Press release 21/04/2005.
56. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Press release 01/06/2005.
57. Chernet, T., Kojonen, K. & Pakkanen, L. 2000. Applied mineralogical study on the near-surface Suurikuusikko refractory gold ore, Kittilä, western Finnish Lapland (Phase I). Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M 19/2743/2000/1/10. 22 p.
58. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Press release 15/08/2005. (1.7 MB)
59. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Press release 19/07/2005. (2.7 MB)
60. Lindholm, Thomas 2005. Personal communication, Rovaniemi, 01/12/2005.
61. Riddarhyttan Resources AB 2005. Annual report. Göteborg. 40 p.
62. Eilu, P. & Weihed, P. 2005. Fennoscandian Shield - Orogenic gold deposits. Ore Geology Reviews 27, 326-327.
63. Lindholm, T. 2005. Suurikuusikko gold project, Finland. FEM2005 Congress, Rovaniemi, 1-2. Dec 2005. (11.3 MB)
64. Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited 2006. Press release 21/02/2006.
65. Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited 2006. Press release 05/06/2006.
66. Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited 2006. Press release 21/11/2006.
67. Valkama, J. 2006. Kultataskun löytyminen Kiistalassa johti Suurikuusikon kullan jäljille. Geol. Surv. Finland, Report M19/2743/2006/1/10. 5 p. (in Finnish, 740 KB)
68. Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited 2007. Press release 09/05/2007.
69. Patison, N. 2007. Day 3, Stop 1 Suurikuusikko gold deposit. Geol. Surv. Finland, Guide 54. 55–62.
70. Haga, I. 2007. Personal communication (talk in the FEM congress) 28 November 2007.
71. Patison, N.L. 2007. Structural controls on gold mineralisation in the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt. Geol. Surv. Finland, Special Paper 44, 107–124.
72. Patison, N.L., Salamis, G. & Kortelainen, V.J. 2007. The Suurikuusikko gold deposit: project development summary of northern Europe's largest gold resource. Geol. Surv. Finland, Special Paper 44, 125–136.
73. Hölttä, P., Väisänen, M., Väänänen, J. & Manninen, T. 2007. Paleoproterozoic metamorphism and deformation in Central Lapland, Finland. Geol. Surv. Finland, Special Paper 44, 7–5 6.
74. Agnico-Eagle Mines Limited 2007. Press release 07/23/2008.
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